Esimweni sanamuhla sobuchwepheshe esithuthuka ngokushesha, izintambo zezimoto ezintsha zamandla, i-photovoltaic, nezokuxhumana ze-5G ziye zavela njengezingxenye ezibalulekile emikhakheni ehlukene. Le ndatshana ihlose ukuhlaziya izinqubo zabo zokukhiqiza, izindleko, izimakethe, izimpilo zesevisi, izimo zohlelo lokusebenza, nezikhombisi-ndlela zentuthuko zesikhathi esizayo.
1. Izintambo Ezintsha Zemoto Yamandla
- Inqubo Yokukhiqiza:
- Ukulungiselela Komqhubi: Ikhondakta yezintambo zemoto yamandla amasha ngokuvamile yenziwa ngethusi noma nge-aluminium. I-Copper isetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa ye-resistivity yayo ephansi, umthamo ophezulu wokuthwala okwamanje, nezinye izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu. Izinto zethusi zicutshungulwa ngezinqubo ezifana nokudweba ngocingo, ukuhlanganisa, nokuxhunywa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuguquguquka nokuqhutshwa kwe-conductor12.
- Ukwelashwa kwe-Insulation: Izinto zokuvikela ukushisa ezifana ne-cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), irabha ye-silicon, ne-thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) zisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kokufakwa. Lezi zinto zidinga ukuhlangabezana nokumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukusebenza kahle kokufakwa kwe-insulation, nezinye izidingo zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwekhebula endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi yemoto.
- Ukuvikela kanye nokushisa: Ungqimba oluvikelayo luyengezwa ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic. Isendlalelo esivikelayo ngokuvamile senziwe nge-copper wire braiding noma ezinye izinto. Ekugcineni, i-sheath ikhishwa ukuze kuvikelwe ikhebula emonakalweni wangaphandle4.
- Izindleko: Izindleko zezintambo zemoto yamandla amasha ziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezidingo eziphakeme zezinto zokwakha nezinqubo zokukhiqiza. Izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa njengethusi kanye nezinto zokuvikela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zibalelwa engxenyeni enkulu yezindleko eziphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini yokukhiqiza kanye nobuchwepheshe obudingekayo ekukhiqizeni nakho kwandisa izindleko.
- Imakethe: Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni yezimoto zamandla amasha, isidingo semakethe samakhebuli ezimoto zamandla amasha sikhula ngokushesha. Njengoba abakhiqizi bezimoto abaningi betshala imali ekukhiqizeni izimoto ezintsha zamandla, izinga lemakethe lamakhebula ezimoto zamandla amasha kulindeleke ukuthi liqhubeke nokukhula. Ngokwezibikezelo, usayizi wemakethe wamakhebula ezimoto zamandla amasha uzofinyelela esikalini esithile eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.
- Impilo Yesevisi: Ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa okuvamile nokugcinwa okufanele, impilo yesevisi yezintambo zemoto yamandla amasha ngokuvamile ingafinyelela ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10. Nokho, izici ezifana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, umswakama ophezulu, nokulimala komshini endaweni yemoto kungase kuthinte impilo yesevisi yezintambo.
- Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza: Izintambo zemoto yamandla amasha zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuxhumaneni phakathi kwamabhethri anamandla kagesi, ama-inverter, ama-compressor air conditioning, amajeneretha ezigaba ezintathu, namamotho ezimotweni zamandla amasha. Zibuye zisetshenziswe ekushajeni izibhamu, ukushaja izinqwaba, kanye namashaja angaphakathi ebhodini.
- I-Future Development Direction: Ngokuzayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezintambo zemoto yamandla amasha kuzogxila ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza, okufana nokumelana nezinga lokushisa okuphezulu, ukusebenza okungcono kokuvikela, nesisindo esilula. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha bezimoto zamandla, ukuhlanganiswa kanye nobuhlakani bezintambo kuzophinde kuthuthukiswe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimoto.
2. Izintambo ze-Photovoltaic
- Inqubo Yokukhiqiza:
- Ukulungiswa Kwempahla Engahluziwe: Izintambo ze-Photovoltaic zidinga abaqhubi bekhwalithi ephezulu, ngokuvamile ithusi noma i-aluminium, kanye nezinto zokufakelwa ezinokumelana nesimo sezulu esihle kakhulu nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, njenge-polyethylene ekhethekile. Izihlungi nazo ziyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuguquguquka nokuqina kwentambo5.
- Extrusion kanye Coating: I-conductor ivalwa kuqala, bese ungqimba lwe-insulation ne-sheath kukhishwa nge-extruder. Inqubo ye-extrusion idinga ukulawula okunembile kwezinga lokushisa nokucindezela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yekhebula5.
- Ukuhlola nokupakisha: Ngemva kokukhiqiza, ikhebuli idinga ukuhlola uchungechunge, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kukagesi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwemishini, nokuhlolwa kokumelana nesimo sezulu. Izintambo kuphela eziphumelela ukuhlolwa ezingapakishwa futhi zithunyelwe5.
- Izindleko: Izindleko zezintambo ze-photovoltaic zithinteka kakhulu ngezindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza. Izindleko zekhwalithi ephezulu yokufaka izinto zokwakha kanye nama-conductor akhethekile ziphakeme kakhulu, kodwa ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kanye nokwandiswa kwesikali sokukhiqiza, izindleko ziyancipha kancane kancane.
- Imakethe: Imboni ye-photovoltaic ikhula ngokushesha, futhi isidingo semakethe sezintambo ze-photovoltaic siyanda. Njengoba amazwe emhlabeni jikelele enamathisela ukubaluleka okukhulu kumandla avuselelekayo, ukufakwa kwezitshalo zamandla e-photovoltaic kuyanda, okuqhuba isidingo sezintambo ze-photovoltaic. Ukuncintisana kwemakethe yezintambo ze-photovoltaic kushubile, futhi amabhizinisi adinga ukuthuthukisa ngokuqhubekayo ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokusebenza ukuze azuze inzuzo yokuncintisana.
- Impilo Yesevisi: Izintambo ze-Photovoltaic zivezwe ezindaweni zangaphandle isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke zidinga ukumelana nesimo sezulu esihle nokuqina. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, impilo yesevisi yezintambo ze-photovoltaic ingafinyelela eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-25.
- Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza: Izintambo ze-Photovoltaic zisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic, okuhlanganisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwamaphaneli elanga nama-inverters, ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-inverters nemishini yokusabalalisa amandla, kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwemishini yokusabalalisa amandla kanye negridi7.
- I-Future Development Direction: Esikhathini esizayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezintambo ze-photovoltaic kuzogxila ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana ne-ultraviolet, nokuvimbela amanzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic, izidingo zokudlulisa kahle izintambo ze-photovoltaic zizophinde zibe phezulu.
3. Amakhebuli Okuxhumana e-5G
- Inqubo Yokukhiqiza:
- Ukukhiqiza Konduki: I-conductor yezintambo zokuxhumana ze-5G idinga ukuqhutshwa okuphezulu nokusebenza kokudluliswa kwesignali. Kusetshenziswa ithusi noma ezinye izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu, futhi inqubo yokukhiqiza idinga ukuqinisekisa ukunemba nokufana kwe-diameter ye-conductor ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwesignali.
- I-Insulation kanye nokuvikela: Izinto zokufakelwa ezisezingeni eliphezulu zisetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kokufakwa kwekhebula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ungqimba oluvikelayo luyengezwa ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokudluliswa kwesignali.
- I-Cable Assembly: Ngemva kokulungiswa kwe-conductor, insulation, kanye nezendlalelo zokuvikela, ikhebula lihlanganiswa ngezinqubo ezifana nokubopha kanye ne-sheathing ukwakha ikhebula lokuxhumana eliphelele le-5G.
- Izindleko: Inqubo yokukhiqiza izintambo zokuxhumana ze-5G idinga imishini yokunemba okuphezulu nobuchwepheshe obuphambili, ngakho-ke izindleko ziphakeme kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo sezinto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu sinyusa izindleko zezintambo.
- Imakethe: Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana be-5G, isidingo semakethe sezintambo zokuxhumana ze-5G sikhulu. Ukwakhiwa kweziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-5G, izikhungo zedatha, nezinye izikhungo kudinga inombolo enkulu yezintambo zokuxhumana ze-5G. Ukuncintisana kwemakethe yezintambo zokuxhumana ze-5G kushubile, futhi amabhizinisi adinga ukuthuthukisa ngokuqhubekayo ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nekhono lokusungula izinto ezintsha ukuze ahlangabezane nesidingo semakethe.
- Impilo Yesevisi: Ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa okuvamile nokugcinwa okufanele, impilo yesevisi yezintambo zokuxhumana ze-5G ngokuvamile ingafinyelela eminyakeni engaphezu kwe-15. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuminyana okuphezulu kwemishini ye-5G kanye nenani elikhulu lokudluliswa kwedatha, izintambo zingase zibe ngaphansi kokuguga okuthile, okudinga ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa njalo.
- Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza: Izintambo zokuxhumana ze-5G zisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi eziteshini eziyisisekelo ze-5G, izikhungo zedatha, amadolobha ahlakaniphile, nezinye izinkambu ukuze zinikeze iziteshi zokudlulisela isignali ezisheshayo nezizinzile.
- I-Future Development Direction: Esikhathini esizayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezintambo zokuxhumana ze-5G kuzogxila ekuthuthukiseni isivinini sokudlulisa, ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwesignali, nokuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezimo zohlelo lokusebenza lwe-5G, ukuhlukahluka kanye nokwenza ngokwezifiso izintambo zokuxhumana ze-5G kuzophinde kube umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa.
Sengiphetha, izintambo zezimoto ezintsha zamandla, i-photovoltaic, nezokuxhumana ze-5G zonke ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni ezisafufusa. Izinqubo zabo zokukhiqiza, izindleko, izimakethe, ukuphila kwesevisi, izimo zohlelo lokusebenza, nezikhombisi-ndlela zentuthuko zesikhathi esizayo zihlukile, kodwa zonke zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezihlobene. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, lezi zintambo zizoqhubeka zithuthuka futhi zithuthuke ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo ezikhulayo zemikhakha ehlukene.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-24-2024