Ingxoxo Ngenqubo Yokunwetshwa Kwezintambo Ezingenayo Intuthu Ephansi Ye-halogen

Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obubushela amalangabi bezinto zekhebula, izinhlobo ezintsha zezintambo ezibushela ilangabi bezilokhu zivela ngokuqhubekayo, zivela ezintamboni zangempela ezibushela ilangabi ukuya ezintamboni ezinentuthu ephansi ezine-halogen ezivimbezela ilangabi kanye nezintambo ezibushela ilangabi ezingenantuthu encane halogen . Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi izidingo zezintambo ezingabambeki amalangabi bezilokhu ziya phezulu kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje.

Emazweni anjengeYurophu, i-United States, neJapane, izintambo nemikhiqizo yamakhebula engayingeni indawo ezungezile isiyinsakavukela yazo zonke izinhlobo zamakhebula. Ohulumeni bakwenqabela ngokuqinile ukusetshenziswa noma ukungeniswa kwezintambo ezingavumelani nemvelo. Izinto ezijwayelekile zokunqanda ilangabi ziqukethe inani elikhulu le-halogen. Lapho zivutha, zizokhipha intuthu enkulu kanye negesi ye-hydrogen halide enobuthi. I-halogen-free flame retadancy itholakala ikakhulukazi kuma-polyolefin. Ngakho-ke, izintambo ezingenayo intuthu ephansi ye-halogen zizoba umkhuba oyinhloko wokuthuthukiswa esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho-ke, ukukhishwa kwezinto zekhebula ezingenantuthu ephansi ye-halogen kuzoxoxwa ngazo kulezi zici ezilandelayo.

1. Isisetshenziswa sokukhipha
   A. Ingxenye eyinhloko yempahla yocingo neyekhebula yokukhipha isikulufu, esihlobene nebanga lohlelo lokusebenza nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kwe-extruder. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukene plastic processing, kunezinhlobo eziningi isikulufa imiklamo. Izinto zekhebula le-halogen ezingenawo umusi ophansi we-flame retardant ziqukethe i-magnesium hydroxide egcwele kakhulu noma i-aluminium hydroxide. Ngakho-ke, ekukhethweni kwezikulufu, izikulufu ezijwayelekile zivame ukusetshenziswa, futhi isilinganiso sazo sokucindezela akufanele sibe sikhulu kakhulu, ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-1:1 no-1:2.5 kufaneleka kakhulu.
   B. Esinye isici esibalulekile esithinta ukukhishwa kwezinto zekhebula ezingenawo umusi omncane we-halogen ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhipha idivayisi yokupholisa ye-extruder. Ngenxa yemvelo ekhethekile yezinto eziphansi ze-halogen ezingenayo intuthu, ukushisa okukhulu kukhiqizwa ngenxa yokungqubuzana ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhipha. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi okokusebenza kwe-extrusion kube nesisetshenziswa esihle sokupholisa ukuze silawule izinga lokushisa lenqubo. Lena inkinga engeke yazitshwa. Uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, ama-pores amakhulu azokwakhiwa ebusweni bekhebula; uma izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu, umthamo jikelele wemishini uzokwanda, futhi imishini ijwayele ukulimala.
2. I-Extrusion Molds
   Ngenxa yezinto eziphezulu zokugcwalisa ezintweni zekhebula ezingenantuthu ephansi ye-halogen, kunomehluko omkhulu kumandla ancibilikayo, isilinganiso sokudonsa, kanye ne-viscosity phakathi kwayo nezinye izinto zekhebula ezisesimweni esincibilikisiwe. Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kwesikhunta nakho kuhlukile. Okokuqala, ekukhetheni izindlela ze-extrusion zokubunjwa. Ukuze kukhishwe izinto zekhebula le-halogen-free-smoke encane, isikhunta se-extrusion se-insulation kufanele sibe sohlobo lwe-extrusion, futhi ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwe-sheath, kufanele kusetshenziswe uhlobo lwe-semi-extrusion. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho amandla aqinile, ukunwetshwa, kanye nokuqedwa kwengaphezulu kwempahla kungaqinisekiswa ngokugcwele. Okwesibili, ekukhethweni kwemikhono yokufa. Uma usebenzisa isikhunta se-extrusion, ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu yezinto ezibonakalayo, ukucindezela ekhanda lokufa kukhulu, futhi impahla izokhula lapho iphuma ekubunjeni. Ngakho-ke, umkhono wokufa kufanele ube mncane kunosayizi wangempela. Okokugcina, izakhiwo zemishini yezinto ezingenayo intuthu ephansi ye-halogen aziphakeme njengezinto zekhebula ezivamile kanye nezinto ezinentuthu ephansi ezine-halogen. Isilinganiso saso sokudonsa sincane, kuphela esingaba ngu-2.5 kuya ku-3.2. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha isikhunta, izakhiwo zayo zokudweba kufanele futhi zicatshangelwe ngokugcwele. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi ukukhethwa nokuhambisana kwemikhono yokufa akufanele kube kukhulu kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho ubuso bekhebula ngeke bube bukhulu, futhi i-extrusion coating izobe ikhululekile.
   Iphuzu elilodwa elengeziwe: Amandla enjini yomshini omkhulu kufanele abe makhulu ngokwanele. Ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu kakhulu yezinto ze-LSHF, amandla anganele ngeke asebenze.
   Iphuzu elilodwa lokungavumelani: Ubude besigaba segalari yesikhunta se-extrusion akumele bube side kakhulu, ngokuvamile sibe ngaphansi kuka-1 mm. Uma kuyinde kakhulu, amandla okugunda azoba makhulu kakhulu.
   1. Ngezinto ezingenayo i-halogen, ukusebenzisa isikulufu esinesilinganiso esiphansi sokucindezela ukuze sicutshungulwe kulungile. (Isilinganiso esikhulu sokucindezela sizodala ukushisa okukhulu ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwepulasitiki, futhi isilinganiso esikhulu sobude kuya kububanzi sizoholela esikhathini eside sokushisa kwepulasitiki.)
   2. Ngenxa yokwengezwa kwenani elikhulu le-flame retardant ezintweni ezingenayo intuthu ephansi ye-halogen, kukhona ubunzima obukhulu enqubweni ye-extrusion. Amandla e-shear yesikulufu ezintweni ezingenazo i-halogen makhulu. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu okwamanje ukusebenzisa isikulufu esikhethekile se-extrusion sezinto ezingenayo i-halogen.
   3. Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa, into efana nokuphuma kwamehlo ibonakala ekuvuleni kwefa langaphandle. Uma kunenqwaba yayo, izonamathisela ocingweni futhi yakhe izinhlayiya ezincane, ezithinta ukubonakala kwayo. Wake wahlangabezana nalokhu? Ingabe unazo izixazululo ezinhle? Kuyimvula enamathiselwe embotsheni yokufa yangaphandle. Ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lokufa nokulungisa isikhunta ukuze sibe nokwelula kancane kuzothuthukisa isimo kakhulu. Ngiphinde ngibhekane nale nkinga futhi angikasitholi isisombululo esibalulekile. Ngisola ukuthi kubangelwa ukungahambisani kahle kwezingxenye zentokozo. Kuthiwa ukusebenzisa i-blowtorch ukuyibhaka kungasebenza, kodwa izinga lokushisa akufanele libe phezulu kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho i-insulation izolimala. Uma izinga lokushisa lekhanda lokufa liphezulu, ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa kancane kuzoxazulula inkinga. Kunezixazululo ezimbili zale nkinga: 1) Sebenzisa isibhamu somoya ukuze ushaye, okungcono kakhulu ngomoya oshisayo; 2) Shintsha ukwakheka kwesikhunta ngokwenza i-protrusion encane ekuvuleni kwefa. Ubude be-protrusion ngokuvamile buba ngu-1 mm. Kodwa angazi ukuthi kukhona yini abakhiqizi basekhaya abangakwazi ukwenza isikhunta esinjalo. Ngenkinga yemvula ekuvuleni kwefasi ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwezinto ezingenayo intuthu ephansi ye-halogen, ukufaka idivayisi yokususa i-slag emoyeni oshisayo endaweni yokuvula ingaxazulula le nkinga. Inkampani yethu okwamanje isebenzisa le ndlela, futhi umphumela muhle kakhulu.
      Iphuzu elilodwa elengeziwe: Uma ukhiqiza izinto ezingenayo intuthu ephansi ye-halogen, kungcono ukusebenzisa isikhunta se-semi-tubular extrusion for extrusion tubular. Ukwengeza, isiphetho esingaphezulu sesikhunta kufanele sibe phezulu ukuze kugwenywe ukuvela kwe-eye discharge-efana nediphozithi ekuvulekeni kwefa langaphandle.
   4. Umbuzo: Lapho ukhiqiza izinto ezingenantuthu ephansi ye-halogen okwamanje, izinga lokushisa endaweni yesine yomgqomo lilokhu likhuphuka. Ngemuva kokuthi isivinini senyukile, izinga lokushisa lizokhuphuka cishe ngama-degree angu-40, okwenza izinto zibe negwebu. Ingabe zikhona izixazululo ezinhle? Ngokwenzeka kwama-bubbles avela ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwezinto ezingenayo intuthu ephansi ye-halogen, ngokusho kokuhlaziywa okuvamile: Enye iwukuthi izinto eziphansi ze-halogen ezingenayo intuthu zithinteka kalula umswakama. Ngaphambi kwe-extrusion, kungcono ukwenza ukwelashwa okomisa; Okubili ukuthi ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa ngesikhathi senqubo ye-extrusion kufanele kube ngokufanele. Amandla okugunda wezinto ezingenazo i-halogen ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhipha makhulu, futhi ukushisa kwemvelo kuzokwenziwa phakathi kombhobho nesikulufu. Kunconywa ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa elibekiwe; Okwesithathu yisizathu sekhwalithi yento ngokwayo. Amafekthri amaningi ezinto zamakhebula avele engeze isamba esikhulu sokugcwalisa ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko, okuphumela kumandla adonsela phansi akhethekile. Ngokwenzeka kwama-bubbles avela ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwezinto ezingenayo intuthu ephansi ye-halogen, ngokusho kokuhlaziywa okuvamile: Enye iwukuthi izinto eziphansi ze-halogen ezingenayo intuthu zithinteka kalula umswakama. Ngaphambi kwe-extrusion, kungcono ukwenza ukwelashwa okomisa; Okubili ukuthi ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa ngesikhathi senqubo ye-extrusion kufanele kube ngokufanele. Amandla okugunda wezinto ezingenazo i-halogen ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhipha makhulu, futhi ukushisa kwemvelo kuzokwenziwa phakathi kombhobho nesikulufu. Kunconywa ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa elibekiwe; Okwesithathu yisizathu sekhwalithi yento ngokwayo. Amafekthri amaningi ezinto zamakhebula avele engeze isamba esikhulu sokugcwalisa ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko, okuholela ekudonseleni okukhulu kwempahla ethile. Uma kuyikhanda lesikulufu sohlobo lwephini, lingakwazi futhi ukukhiqiza izinto ezingenantuthu ephansi ye-halogen? Cha, amandla okugunda makhulu kakhulu, futhi kuzoba namabhamuza wonke. 1) Nquma isilinganiso sokuminyanisa sesikulufu sakho kanye nesimo nesakhiwo endaweni yesine, noma ngabe kunezigaba zokuphambukisa noma izigaba zokuhlehla zokugeleza. Uma kunjalo, kunconywa ukuthi umiselele isikulufu. 2) Nquma uhlelo lokupholisa endaweni yesine. Ungasebenzisa isiphephetha-moya ukuphefumula umoya ubheke kule ndawo ukuze upholise. I-3) Ngokuyisisekelo, lesi simo asihlobene kakhulu nokuthi impahla ithintwa umswakama noma cha. Kodwa-ke, isivinini sokukhipha izinto ze-halogen-free sheath akufanele sisheshe kakhulu.
   5. Amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele aqashelwe lapho ukhipha izinto ezingenayo intuthu ephansi ye-halogen: 1) Izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokukhipha i-extrusion libaluleke kakhulu. Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kufanele kube okunembile. Ngokuvamile, imfuneko yokushisa ephezulu iphakathi kuka-160 - 170 degrees. Akufanele ibe phezulu kakhulu noma ibe phansi kakhulu. Uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, i-aluminium hydroxide noma i-magnesium hydroxide endabeni ijwayele ukubola, okuholela endaweni engeyona ebushelelezi futhi ithinte ukusebenza kwayo; uma izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu, amandla e-shear makhulu kakhulu, ingcindezi ye-extrusion inkulu, futhi indawo engaphezulu ayilungile. I-2) Kungcono ukusebenzisa isikhunta se-tubular extrusion ngesikhathi sokukhipha. Lapho ufanisa isikhunta, kufanele kube nokwelula okuthile. Ngesikhathi se-extrusion, i-mandrel kufanele ibe ngu-1 - 3 mm ngemuva komkhono wokufa. Ijubane lokukhipha akumele lisheshe kakhulu, futhi kufanele lilawulwe phakathi kuka-7 - 12 m. Uma ijubane lishesha kakhulu, amandla okugunda makhulu kakhulu, futhi izinga lokushisa linzima ukulawula. (Nakuba i-LSZH ingelula ukuyicubungula, ngokuqinisekile ayinensa kangako (njengoba kushiwo yiNyoni Encane, 7 – 12 M). Noma kunjalo, futhi iyijubane elingu-25 noma ngaphezulu, futhi ububanzi bangaphandle bungaba ngu-6 MM!! )
   6. Izinga lokushisa le-extrusion lezinto ezingenantuthu ephansi ye-halogen lizohluka kuye ngosayizi we-extruder. Izinga lokushisa le-extrusion engilihlolile nge-extruder yohlobo lwama-70 lingokulandelayo njengereferensi yakho. Isigaba 1: 170 degrees, Isigaba 2: 180 degrees, Isigaba 3: 180 degrees, Isigaba 4: 185 degrees, Die ikhanda: 190 degrees, Iso Machine: 200 degrees. Isilinganiso esiphezulu singafinyelela ku-210 degrees. Izinga lokushisa lokubola kwe-flame retardant okukhulunywe ngalo ngenhla kufanele libe ngama-degree angu-350, ngakho ngeke libole. Uma inkomba yokuncibilika ibe nkulu yezinto ezingenayo i-halogen, i-fluidity yayo ingcono futhi kulula ukuyikhipha. Ngakho-ke, isikulufu sohlobo lwe-150 singaphinde sisikhiphe inqobo nje uma uketshezi lwento engenayo i-halogen muhle ngokwanele. (Ngithanda ukukubuza ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu olikhulumile liyizinga lokushisa elibonisiwe noma izinga lokushisa elimisiwe? Uma sikwenza, izinga lokushisa elimisiwe ngokuvamile alidluli amadigri angu-140.) Yebo, ukusebenza kokunciphisa ilangabi kuzokwehla uma izinga lokushisa lidlula. 160 degrees.
   7. Ukukhiqiza okuyimpumelelo kusetshenziswa isikulufu se-BM esinesilinganiso sokuminyanisa esingu-3.0. Nami ngikhathazekile ngalokhu. Ngicela ukubuza bonke ochwepheshe: Kungani izikulufu ezinezinga eliphezulu lokucindezela (>1:2.5) zingakwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa? Amandla okugunda makhulu kakhulu, futhi amabhamuza azokwakhiwa. Inkampani yethu ibisebenzisa angu-150 ukukhiqiza izintambo ezingenantuthu ephansi ye-halogen, futhi umphumela muhle kakhulu. Sisebenzisa izikulufu ezilinganayo nezilinganayo, futhi izinga lokushisa lokushisa kwesigaba ngasinye kufanele lilawulwe kahle, ngaphandle kwalokho ama-bubbles noma izinkinga zeglue ezindala zizokwenzeka. Nokho, kuyinkinga kakhulu. Isikhathi ngasinye, isikulufu kanye ne-pulley kudingeka kushintshwe, futhi ukucindezela emgqonyeni nasekhanda lokufa nakho kukhulu.
   8. Ngicabanga ukuthi kungcono ukungacofi ngesikhathi se-extrusion ukuze uvumele isihlobo sishelele endaweni ye-radial futhi singathambekele ekuqhekekeni.
   9. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuvimbela ukwanda kwezinto lapho kuvulwa khona ukudla.
   10. Inkampani yethu ibisebenzisa izinto ezijwayelekile ezingenawo i-halogen ngaphambili, ebezithambekele ekubeni mhlophe. Manje sisebenzisa izinto ze-GE, ezibiza kakhulu kodwa ezingenayo inkinga yokuba mhlophe. Ngicela ukubuza ukuthi izinto zakho ezingenawo i-halogen zinenkinga yokumhlophe?
   11. Ngenxa yokwengezwa kwenani elikhulu le-flame retardant ezintweni ezingenayo intuthu ephansi ye-halogen, lokhu kuyisici esiyinhloko sokuthi kungani isivinini singenakwenyuka, okuholela ebunzimeni obukhulu kwinqubo ye-extrusion. Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa, into efana nokuphuma kwamehlo ibonakala ekuvuleni kwefa langaphandle. Uma kunenqwaba yayo, izonamathisela ocingweni futhi yakhe izinhlayiya ezincane, ezithinta ukubonakala kwayo. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ingabhakwa nge-blowtorch. Ukushisa akufanele kube phezulu kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho ukufakwa kuzolimala. Leli yiphuzu lokulawula elinzima kakhulu kule nqubo. Okwezinto ezingenayo i-halogen, ukusebenzisa i-low-compression-ratio nesikulufu esingenalutho ukuze kucutshungulwe akunankinga mayelana nesivinini sokucubungula. Ngokombono wemishini encane yomshini we-extrusion (ene-screw diameter engu-100 mm noma ngaphansi) kanye nokunwetshwa kwezintambo ezingenantuthu ephansi ze-halogen zisebenzisa i-vinyl acetate copolymer njengento eyisisekelo, ukubukeka nokusebenza akuthinteki kakhulu uma usebenzisa okuvamile. Izikulufu ze-PVC nezikulufu ezikhethekile zezinto zokwakha ezingenantuthu ephansi ze-halogen zokukhiqiza. Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezithinta ukusebenza nokubukeka kwe-extrusion kusewukwakheka nezilinganiso zamalangabi ahlukahlukene abuyiswayo, ezinye izinto zokugcwalisa, nezinto eziyisisekelo. Lapho usebenzisa izikulufu ze-PVC kanye ne-PE impahla ye-extrusion ukukhiqiza izinto ezingenayo intuthu ephansi ye-halogen, ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu yezinto ezinjalo, futhi isilinganiso sokuminyanisa sezikulufu ezijwayelekile ze-PVC ze-extrusion cishe ngu-2.5 - 3.0. Uma izikulufu ezinjalo zesilinganiso sokucindezela zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinto ezingenayo intuthu ephansi ye-halogen, ngesikhathi senqubo ye-extrusion, umphumela wokuxuba ngaphakathi kwesikulufa ngeke ufinyelele okuhle kakhulu ngesikhathi impahla ihlala ku-screw, futhi impahla izonamathela ku-screw. udonga lwangaphakathi lomgqomo, okuholela ekuphumeni kweglue okwanele, ukungakwazi ukwandisa isivinini se-extrusion, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukwandisa umthwalo wemoto. Ngakho-ke, akukhuthazwa ukuzisebenzisa. Uma kwenziwa ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi, kungcono ukusebenzisa isikulufa esikhethekile ngesilinganiso esiphansi sokucindezela. Kunconywa ukuthi isilinganiso sokucindezela sibe ngaphansi kwe-1.8: 1. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla emoto adinga ukukhushulwa futhi i-inverter yamandla efanelekile idinga ukukhethwa ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela omuhle kakhulu wokukhipha kanye nokusebenza kocingo.
   12. Izinkinga eziphelele zezinto ezingenayo intuthu ephansi ye-halogen yilezi: 1) Kukhona ama-pores emkhiqizweni okhishwe; I-2) Indawo engaphezulu ayilungile; 3) Ukukhishwa kweglue kuncane; 4) Ukushisa okungqubuzanayo kwesikulufu kukhulu.
   13. Lapho ukhipha izinto ezincibilikisa ilangabi ezingenalo i-halogen, njengoba izinga lokushisa alikwazi ukuba phezulu kakhulu, i-viscosity yezinto iphezulu. Isikulufu somshini we-extrusion kufanele sikhethwe njengo-20/1, futhi isilinganiso sokuminyanisa akufanele sibe sikhulu kuno-2.5. Ngenxa yamandla amakhulu okugunda, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kwemvelo kukhulu. Kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi ukupholisa isikulufu. Ukubhaka nge-blowtorch emlilweni omncane kuphumelela kakhulu ekuphumeni kwamehlo endaweni yokuvula futhi ngeke kuphule ukufakwa.
   14. Ukufuna usizo lwesilinganiso sesikhunta se-halogen-free extrusion esinentuthu ephansi. Isilinganiso sokudonsa singu-1.8 - 2.5, idigri yebhalansi yokudonsa ngu-0.95 - 1.05. Isilinganiso sokudonsa sincane kunesePVC. Zama ukwenza ukuhambisana kwesikhunta kuhlangane! Isilinganiso sokudonsa singaba ngu-1.5. I-mandrel ayidingi ukuthwala ucingo. Sebenzisa indlela ye-semi-extrusion. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi ethangini lokuqala lamanzi lingama-70 - 80 °. Bese kusetshenziswa ukupholisa komoya, futhi ekugcineni ukupholisa amanzi.